Valence Electron Configuration for the Germanium Atom
Results 1–10 of 273 for valence electron
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valence electron → valentni elektron
Valence electrons are electrons that can be actively involved in a chemical change, usually electrons in the outermost (valent) shell. For example, sodium's ground state electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1; the 3s electron is the only valence electron in the atom. Germanium (Ge) has the ground state electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p2; the 4s and 4p electrons are the valence electrons.
electron → elektron
The electron is an elementary particle with a negative electric charge of (1.602 189 2±0.000 004 6)×10-19 C and a mass of 1/1837 that of a proton, equivalent to (9.109 534±0.000 047)×10-31 kg.
In 1897 the British physicist Joseph John (J.J.) Thomson (1856-1940) discovered the electron in a series of experiments designed to study the nature of electric discharge in a high-vacuum cathode-ray tube. Thomson interpreted the deflection of the rays by electrically charged plates and magnets as evidence of bodies much smaller than atoms that he calculated as having a very large value for the charge to mass ratio. Later he estimated the value of the charge itself.
Electrons are arranged in from one to seven shells around the nucleus; the maximum number of electrons in each shell is strictly limited by the laws of physics (2n2). The outer shells are not always filled: sodium has two electrons in the first shell (2×12 = 2), eight in the second (2×22 = 8), and only one in the third (2×32 = 18). A single electron in the outer shell may be attracted into an incomplete shell of another element, leaving the original atom with a net positive charge. Valence electrons are those that can be captured by or shared with another atom.
Electrons can be removed from the atoms by heat, light, electric energy, or bombardment with high-energy particles. Decaying radioactive nuclei spontaneously emit free electrons, called β particles.
valence → valencija
Valence is the charge on an ion based on the number of electrons transferred or shared within a specific structure. For example, in H2O, oxygen has a valence of 2, carbon in CH4 has a valence of four.
valence shell → valentna ljuska
Valence shell is the shell corresponding to the highest value of principal quantum number in the atom. The valence electrons in this shell are on average farther from the nucleus than other electrons. They are often directly involved in chemical reaction.
electron spin → elektronski spin
Electron spin (s) is the quantum number, equal to 1/2, that specifies the intrinsic angular momentum of the electron.
electron volt → elektronvolt
Electron volt (eV) is a non-SI unit of energy used in atomic and nuclear physics, equal to approximately 1.602 177×10-19 J. The electron volt is defined as the kinetic energy acquired by an electron upon acceleration through a potential difference of 1 V.
electron affinity → elektronski afinitet
Electron affinity (E A) is the energy change occurring when an atom or molecule gains an electron to form a negative ion. For an atom or molecule X, it is the energy released for the electron-attachment reaction
X(g) + e- →← X- (g)
This is often measured in electronvolts. Alternatively, the molar enthalpy change, ΔH, can be used.
electron configuration → elektronska konfiguracija
The electron configuration shows how many electrons there are in an atom or ion and their distribution along orbitals (see Table of electronic configuration of elements). Structure and all regularity in the periodic system depend upon electronic configuration of atoms of elements. Characteristics of elements mainly depend on electronic configuration of the outer shell. Refilling of the new electronic shell atoms of elements of similar electronic configuration emerge as well as in the previous shell, which adds up to periodicities of characteristics of elements.
electron microscope → elektronski mikroskop
Electron microscope is a form of microscope that uses a beam of electrons instead of a beam of light (as in the optical microscope) to form a large image of a very small object. In optical microscopes the resolution is limited by the wavelength of the light. High-energy electrons, however, can be associated with a considerably shorter wavelength than light; for example, electrons accelerated to energy of 105 electronvolts have a wavelength of 0.004 nm enabling a resolution of from 0.2 nm to 0.5 nm to be achieved.
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Citing this page:
Generalic, Eni. "Valence electron." Croatian-English Chemistry Dictionary & Glossary. 20 Oct. 2018. KTF-Split. {Date of access}. <https://glossary.periodni.com>.
Valence Electron Configuration for the Germanium Atom
Source: https://glossary.periodni.com/dictionary.php?en=valence+electron
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